ABSTRACT
The kidney is one of the main target organs involved in hypertension, and it regulates water and salt metabolism, blood volume and vascular resistance. High salt intake induces salt and water retention, persistent endothelial dysfunction and elevation of blood pressure in salt sensitive individuals. Dahl salt sensitive (Dahl-SS) rats, as a classic animal model for salt sensitive hypertension, have many similar stably inherited physiological characteristics to human with salt sensitive hypertension, such as salt sensitivity, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, renal failure, increased urinary protein secretion and low plasma renin activity. Based on renal physiology and biochemistry researches and multi-omics analyses in Dahl-SS rats, this review will summarize the relationship between salt sensitive hypertension and renal redox, NO, amino acids, glucose and lipid metabolism.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Blood Pressure , Hypertension , Kidney/metabolism , Rats, Inbred Dahl , Sodium Chloride, DietaryABSTRACT
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can self-renew to form new tumors and consistently proliferate, which is considered as the root cause of chemotherapy resistance, relapse, and metastasis. Meanwhile, CSCs are resistant to standard chemotherapeutics and radiation therapy. Therefore, effectively eliminating CSCs is the key to curing cancers. Compared with current therapeutics, the agents loaded in nanocarriers can achieve better stability, greater bioavailability and longer circulation time. Nanoparticles can also be applied to hyperthermia and other therapies. Recently, considerable success has been achieved in application of nanotechnology to target CSCs. This review overviews the research on anti-CSCs therapies in chemotherapy, genetic therapy and hyperthermia. Combination therapy and multi-targeted nanomedicine will be effective ways to cure cancer and highlight the promising future in theranostic nanomedicine.